• Perception - Vision

Such toys both continue and imitate the eye's workings.

How far can we take them as models? there are ongoing controversies on their possible uses.

Hockney's views

the gaze

• Optical images and literature

see the discussion about optical images in 19th-century fiction

nineteenth_century_French_studies (in Muse, a University subscription)

• A study of the new media

see the MIT website: the online courses of the MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) deal with media studies among the major topics.